Olympic Shooting: 2011

Wednesday 14 December 2011

Olympic - Shooting Rules and Equipment

Olympic Shooting Rules are established by United States Amercia Shooting (USAS), the national governing body for the Olympic sport of shooting in the United States. Olympic Shooting rules apply to shooting events and activities recognized by and promoted by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), and Olympic Shooting rules changes made by ISSF will be adopted by USAS. USAS does in some cases recognize events not recognized by ISSF, thus USAS is the governing body for such events.

Olympic Shooting Equipment Rules

An air pistol is a handgun that shoots lead pellets propelled by compressed air or carbon dioxide gas. The air pistols used for Olympic events are very different-looking from most other handguns. These pistols use 4.5mm (.177 inch) pellets. The gun must be loaded with only one pellet, and ported barrels/perforated barrel attachments are allowed.

Like the air pistol, the air rifle uses compressed air or carbon dioxide (co2) gas to propel a 4.5mm (.177 inch) lead pellet at a target. The difference is that the rifle is a shoulder-mounted gun with a longer barrel, and is usually much easier to shoot accurately than a pistol.

For the 10M Olympic event, thumb holes, thumb rests, palm rests, heel rests, spirit levels, and bipods are prohibited.

The rapid-fire pistol event specifies that the handgun may not be single-shot, therefore semi-automatic pistols or revolvers may be used. In 2008 this event will apparently be rimfire only, meaning only 22-caliber rimfire guns will be allowed. No compensators or perforated barrel attachments may be used.

Equipment rules for pistol events differ from those for the rapid-fire event described above. 22-caliber rimfire single-shot pistols are the only type allowed.

For the "rifle 3 positions" event as well as prone, any action 22-caliber rimfire rifle may be used. Thumb holes, thumb rests, palm rests, heel rests, and spirit levels are allowed. For shotgun events including double trap, trap, and skeet, any smooth-bore shotgun 12 gauge or smaller may be used. No slings are allowed.

Compensators may only be used for the skeet event. Guns with magazines must be blocked so it will hold no more than one shell. Ported barrels are allowed (subject to jury approval), and optical sights are prohibited.

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Olympic - Shooting Rules and Scoring

Like any governing body, USAS has many, many rules. I will highlight the important Olympic Shooting rules of these like methods of scoring. These ought to help anyone who wants better understand what you're likely to see at an Olympic shooting event.

Olympic Shooting Scoring Rules

In all of the rifle and pistol events round targets are used. These consist of a series of concentric circles, with each successively larger circle scoring fewer points. Target size varies according to the distance from the shooter to the target. The center circle of such a target is what's usually referred to as a bullseye, and it's worth ten points. Scores are totalled to determine the winner of each event, which of course is the shooter with the highest score.

Round Targets

For shotgun events, clay targets are thrown into the air. The shooter's goal is to break each target. The winner is the shooter who breaks the most targets.

Clay Targets

In double trap and skeet, the shooter is only allowed one shot per target. For the trap event, two shots are allowed for each target.

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Monday 20 June 2011

Shooting - Olympic Shooting

Olympic Shooting has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. Only exceptions are at the 1904 and 1928 editions. International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) is the governing body for international shooting competitions including Olympic Shooting.

The term Olympic shooting can refer to any of the following:

The actual shooting competitions at the Summer Olympics
The shooting events included in the Olympic program, or by extension all ISSF shooting events, even the non-Olympic ones (it is used in this meaning particularly in the United States to distinguish ISSF shooting from a large number of other shooting sports that may be more popular there)

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Shooting - International Shooting Sport Federation

International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) is an organization that governs international shooting sports. While far from the only such organization, ISSF is the one that is a member of the International Olympic Committee and so it is in charge of the Olympic shooting events. Not all ISSF shooting events are Olympic, however. With 154 national member federations, ISSF has its headquarters in Munich, Germany. Its current President is Olegario Vázquez Raña and its
Secretary General is Horst G. Schreiber.

ISSF controls two kinds of shooting competitions:

The actual shooting competitions at the Summer Olympics
The shooting events included in the Olympic program, or by extension all ISSF shooting events, even the non-Olympic ones (it is used in this meaning particularly in the United States to distinguish ISSF shooting from a large number of other shooting sports that may be more popular there)

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Monday 6 June 2011

Shooting - Shotgun Shooting

A Shotgun is similar to a rifle, but typically fires projectiles that either contain many smaller sub-projectiles, or one large projectile. They are more often than not pump-action or single-shot-and-reload actions. Following are the popular Shotgun Shooting events:

Olympic shooter Kim Rhodes' Shotgun is stolen in 2008 Olympic

The three Shotgun ISSF shooting events (presently all Olympic) are based on quick reaction to clay targets thrown by a machine
Other shotgun sports with (at least partial) international recognition include Sporting Clays, providing more variation than the standard ISSF events, and Down-The-Line. Five stand is also a shotgun shooting sport similar to skeet, but with more target variety. There are five stations, or stands. At each station there is normally a card that lets the shooter know the sequence of birds he or she will be shooting at
Cowboy Action Shooting also may involve shotguns
Practical shooting uses high capacity shotguns (usually pump or semi-automatic). It has emerged particularly in countries where handguns have been banned

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Shooting - Handgun Shooting

Handguns, or Pistols, are smaller than rifles, and are much more convenient to carry in general. They usually have a shorter range and lesser accuracy compared to rifles and shotguns. Following are the popular Handgun Shooting events:

The 6 ISSF shooting events with pistols (4 Olympic events plus 2 events not included in the Olympics program but are contested in World Cups and World Championships), its roots date back to the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, consist of both precision slow-fire and rapid-fire target shooting from distances of 10, 25, and 50 meters. The pistols are unique in appearance compared to normal guns and each events has its own pistols designed specifically for the job. Shooters must use one hand only to shoot at small "bullseye(s)" downrange. In the UK (except for Northern Ireland), it is no longer possible to practice for some of the Olympic events following the Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997
Modern pentathlon includes timed shooting with an air pistol as the first of its five parts
The CISM Rapid Fire match is similar to the ISSF 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol event
The National Rifle Association (NRA) Conventional Pistol, shot with up to 3 handguns of differing calibers. Its history is almost as old as the ISSF Events. Shooters must fire the pistol one-handed at 6 and 8 inch bullseyes placed 25 and 50 yards downrange respectively. This competition is also commonly called Bullseye (shooting competition). As with ISSF "bullseye" Pistol Matches mentioned above, they are the forerunners of all handgun competitions and the foundation of ALL marksmanship, whether be it rifle or archery competiitons and not just relegated to handguns alone
Metallic silhouette shooting, developed to loosely simulate hunting, is shooting at heavy animal-shaped steel silhouettes that must be knocked down to score, typically at distances normally reserved for rifles. Handguns used in the Unlimited Category are unique and rifle-like in appearance; they are also chambered in rifle calibers to take advantage of power, aerodynamic efficiency, and external ballistics and are specially designed for long range shooting. With proper shooting skills and support techniques, the accuracy of these so-called "handguns" rival that of top-notch match rifles out to 300 meters

The following pistol sports are categorized under action shooting. With the exception of PPC 1500, field shooting, and ActionAirgun, all has its roots dated back to the Southern California combat pistol scenes in the 1960s:

Practical shooting, governed by a number of bodies, the largest of which is the IPSC, was developed by former police and civilian marksmen and later used as a basis for military and police exercises. It is a variation where the shooter often moves during shooting, and hit scores and shooting time are equally important. Another major sanctioning body, IDPA, was created as a response to some IPSC competitors wishing to participate in scenarios closer to defensive situations which may arise in real life
The Bianchi Cup, a fusion of IPSC (without the "run and gun" element) and Bullseye Competition (except shot with two hands and going prone whenever rules allow it) where accuracy under tight time limits in 4 different simulated scenarios, known as the "Event(s)", is the basis of this competition. Shooters must start with gun in the holster on every strings of fire and distances range from 10 to 50 yards
NRA Police Pistol Combat, also known as PPC 1500, is perhaps the predecessor of all practical pistol shooting sports. It began in 1959 as a police only match, i.e., civilians are not allowed to compete, that theoretically trains officers for better real life shooting confrontations
Cowboy Action Shooting, almost identical to IPSC and IDPA stage design but with Western Cowboy themed props, shot with long guns and revolvers of the same era. Mere act of shooting itself is not enough. Competitors must choose and go by a cowboy nickname or alias and are required to look the part by donning authentic cowboy and cowgirl garments
ActionAirgun is an indoor action shooting sport using semi-automatic airsoft pistols and courses of fire downloaded from a central hub. Shooters upload shooting times to a website to resolve competitions

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Shooting - Rifle Shooting

A Rifle is a firearm or airgun with a rifled barrel, but commonly refers to long weapons that usually require two hands to hold and fire steadily. They generally have a longer range and greater accuracy than pistols, and are popular for hunting. Following are the popular Rifle Shooting events:

Four position small bore is a popular sport in the U.S.
The six Rifle ISSF shooting events (including three Olympic events) consist of long-time target shooting from distances of 10, 50 and 300 m
The two Running Target ISSF shooting events consist of rapid shooting at a target that moves sideways from distances of 10 and 50 m
Biathlon is an Olympic sport combining shooting and cross-country skiing
The CISM Rapid Fire match is a speeded version of the ISSF 300 m Standard Rifle event
Muzzle loading and Cowboy action shooting concerned with shooting replica (or antique) guns
Gallery rifle shooting is popular in the UK and was introduced as a substitute for many pistol shooting disciplines following the 1997 handgun ban
Benchrest shooting is concerned with shooting small groups with the rifleman sitting on a chair (bench) and the rifle supported from a table. Of all shooting disciplines, this is the most demanding equipment-wise
High Power Rifle (also known as "Across the Course" or 'traditional' High power) in the United States is a format that shoots 3-position (standing, kneeling or sitting, and prone) at 200, 300, and 600 yards. The term "Across the Course" is used because the match format requires the competitors to shoot at different distances to complete the course of fire
Fullbore target shooting is concerned with shooting at targets at ranges of 300–1200 yards
Field Target is an outdoor air gun discipline originating in the United Kingdom, but gaining popularity worldwide

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Shooting - Shooting Sport History

The National Rifle Association (NRA) of the United Kingdom was founded in 1860 to raise the funds for an annual national rifle meeting "for the encouragement of Volunteer Rifle Corps, and the promotion of Rifle-shooting throughout Great Britain". Veteran Union officers Col. William C. Church and Gen. George Wingate formed the National Rifle Association of America in 1871 for the purpose of promoting and encouraging rifle shooting on a "scientific" basis.

The popularity of the National Matches forced the event to be moved to Camp Perry. In 1903, the U.S. Congress created the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice (NBPRP), an advisory board to the Secretary of the Army. A nearly identical charter was awarded to the NRA. The NBPRP (now known as the Civilian Marksmanship Program) also participates in the National Matches at Camp Perry.

In 1903, the NRA began to establish rifle clubs at all major colleges, universities and military academies. Today, more than one million youth participate in shooting sports events and affiliated programs through groups. French pistol champion and founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, participated in many of these early competitions. Internationally, the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) has oversight of all Olympic shooting events worldwide, while National Governing Bodies (NGBs) administer the sport within each country.

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Shooting - Competitive Shooting

Shooting sports are competitive sport involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns. Archery is related to shooting sport but the difference is that it makes use of bows and arrows. Hunting is also a shooting sport, and indeed shooting live pigeons was an Olympic event (albeit only once, in 1900). The shooting sports are categorized by the type of firearm or target used.

Over the years, the shooting events have been changed a number of times in order to keep up with technology and social standards. For example, targets that formerly resembled humans or animals in their shape and size have are now a circular shape in order to avoid associating the sport with any form of violence.

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Shooting - Technique and Safety Considerations

Shooting is the act or process of firing rifles, shotguns or other projectile weapons such as bows or crossbows. Even the firing of artillery, rockets and missiles can be called shooting. A person who specializes in shooting is a marksman. Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field in hunting, in shooting sports or in combat. Shooting is carried out using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns. Archery is closely related to shooting, but it makes use of bows and arrows. Hunting also comes under the umbrella of shooting. Shooting practices are categorized by the type of firearm or target used.

Shooting technique differs depending on factors like the type of firearm used (from a handgun to a sniper rifle), the distance to and nature of the target, the required precision and the available time. Breathing and position play an important role when handling a handgun or a rifle.

Some shooting sports, such as IPSC shooting, make a sport of combat style shooting. The prone position, the kneeling position and the standing position offer different amounts of support for the shooter. Holding the gun sideways, as is sometimes seen in movies and on television, is poor gun handling; it makes the weapon likely to jam as any ejected case may fail to leave the weapon completely.

Prone Position Shooting

The utmost consideration for many shooters is gun safety. Like many activities such as mountain climbing, skiing, or sky-diving, there is an element of danger involved. And especially here, this danger demands a sober understanding and respect for firearms and the specific rules for the safe handling of them.

This is compounded by the fact that the danger can easily extend beyond the participants. A stray bullet can injure or kill people other than those actually firing or handling the arms involved. At public ranges, the safety of all participants depends on the knowledge of everyone at the range.

Stray Bullets

Shooting - Practical Uses

Shooting is used for hunting upland game birds such as grouse or pheasant, rabbits, culling, deer hunting or other wild game animals, or shooting pest animals. Sometimes 'shooting' refers to the hunting activity itself.

Shooting obviously is used in warfare, self-defense, crime, and law enforcement. Duels were sometimes held using guns. Shooting without a target has applications such as celebratory gunfire, 21-gun salute or firing starting pistols, incapable of releasing bullets.

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Shooting - Intro

Shooting is carried out using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns. Archery is closely related to shooting, but it makes use of bows and arrows. Hunting also comes under the umbrella of shooting. Shooting practices are categorized by the type of firearm or target used.

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